Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân (born 12 April 1954, in Bến Tre Province) is a Vietnamese economist and politician. She is the first woman in Vietnamese history to head the country's legislature, serving as the eleventh Chair of the National Assembly of Vietnam from 2016 to 2021. She was a member of the 12th Politburo of the Communist Party, the country's highest decision-making body, in which she ranked second after General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
Ngân previously served in the cabinet of Nguyễn Tấn Dũng from 2006 to 2011 under various ministries. Prior to entering national politics, she held the post of Party Secretary (de facto Governor) of Hải Dương province from 2002 to 2006, being the first woman to hold this position and the only female provincial chief in Vietnam at that time.

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